KELULUT - STINGLESS BEE

 

KELULUT (Heterotrigona spp) or Stingless Bee become popular activities to produce honey and other bee products. i recently visit Min House Camp in Kampong Pulau, Kubang Krian, Kota Bharu, Kelantan to certified how this kelulut rearing activities organised. However, this article are about the stingless bee report at Sarawak based on a report from local newspaper. Along the 50-metre stretch of the riverbank at Kampung Senah Rayang, a number of small boxes are attached to a row of wooden poles. Do you know what are inside the boxes? Bees, yes bees. What’s really special about these bees is they are stingless  and known as Trigona sp or Kelulut in Malaysia. They belong to the family apidae.  During my visit to the kampung for an official function, a swarm of these stingless bees (meliponines) could be seen buzzing inside the boxes and around a gong, hung at the side of the community hall. It was quite an amazing sight. I wasn’t surprised by the bees’ black colour as I had seen this species before. What I didn’t know is they produce not only edible but also nutritious honey. Stingless bee honey is twice as nutritious as ordinary honey, according to Department of Agriculture Expert from PTIF, Putrajaya. The other species of honeybees I know seem to like zipping and buzzing around with a great sense of urgency to accomplish their work, including to sting. As the saying goes, as busy as a bee. This article in "Anim Agriculture Technology" I would like to share my knowledge to all readers.

The stingless bees don’t whizz around so much, seemingly much more relaxed, and somehow will not make you feel as tense with their lack of sting during an encounter.
They are much smaller about three to five millimetres in size, and have a slimmer body in total variance with the usual yellow and black sting-capable honeybees. Although they do not sting, Trigona can be aggressive too especially for Heterotrigona itama but not the Heterotrigona thoracica especially when threatened. My experience with this species is they attack the soft part of your skin like eyelids, lips, face and neck. They also tangle in your hair even although they don’t sting. They have stingers but these are highly reduced and cannot be used for defence. Twice as nutritious are the ultimate results from kelulut honey. Until my visit to Min House at Kubang Krian, Kota Bharu, Kelantan (6 km from the city) and to Kampung Senah Rayang in upper Padawan, about 90km from Kuching, I always regarded these stingless bees as worthless social insects. But according to Mr Hisyamudin (Kelulut Project Manager at Min House Camp) and The Kampung headman Roslee Abdullah, Trigona honey is known for its medicinal values. They said the villagers had tried rearing these stingless bees on recommendation by DOA and Mardi. A two-day course on this venture was held at SEKAYU APIARY PARK at Terengganu for Agropreneur Muda Kelulut and local villager in Sarawak in October 2014 with 45 youths and May with 60 participants respectively.

 

 The organisers said that after the course, the village security and development committee (AJKKK) started a pilot project with eight bee boxes along the riverbank. Some families also tried it with several boxes around their houses. Roslee said the boxes were placed near coconut trees since meliponines are good pollinators of coconuts. “In fact, the bees are farmer-friendly because they pollinate fruit trees and vegetables.” He revealed the villagers had been collecting stingless bee honey from the wild but did not know its nutritional values. “In the past, the honey was collected for consumption only,” he added. A villager Johari Mohd Jeprydin said the stingless bees are not dangerous to children and are fascinating to watch. “Look, there are many of them around the gong and they are not bothered by the kids walking by.” It is believed there are about 15 species of stingless bees. They have a queen, drones and many sterile workers  just like colonies of commercial honeybees. The inside of a tree where the stingless bee queens are extracted. Lure of the queens is to attract armies of sterile workers, the queens which live in hollow trees found in the wild or near the village, had to be brought to the boxes.

 

The size of a colony in a hollow tree can range from a few dozens to over 100,000. The bees store pollen and honey in large egg-shaped pots made of beeswax, mixed typically with various types of plant resin (sometimes called propolis). These pots are often arranged around a central set of horizontal brood combs where the larval bees are housed. When emerging from their cells, the young worker bees tend to remain inside the hive, performing different jobs. As the workers age, they become guards or foragers. Unlike honeybee larvae, meliponine larvae are not fed directly. The pollen and nectar are placed in a cell, an egg is laid and the cell sealed until the adult bee emerges after pupation. Johari said they were told a hive of stingless bees reared in a box produced about 700 grammes of honey, adding that these bees produced a delicious tangy honey, sweet and sour. “I have tried it before,” he added. He also said a new colony reared in a box normally started producing honey after three months. “But when you rear these bees, make sure there are fruit trees around them because their colonies rely entirely on flower nectar and pollen for food.” Researchers have also discovered stingless bees are important pollinators of many forests and native plants, crops and garden flowers in their search for nectar and pollen.

 

 

 The Enemy of diseases for kelulut for centuries honey is known to be the enemy of diseases. Stingless bee honey is called Mother Medicine and there are an increasing number of traditional practitioners and researchers suggesting its use. Many known health benefits of eating stingless bee honey regularly include anti-ageing, enhanced libido and immune system, fighting bacteria and treating bronchial catarrh, sore throat, coughs and colds. Honey is also restorative after an illness and said to sooth pain, act as antiseptic, hasten healing, relieve cough and be effective in curing burns, carbuncle, boils and diabetic wounds. An extensive study on honey by Mohammed Moniruzzaman et. al., published in BioMed Research International Volume 2014, reported that among the various honey varietals taken from the different regions of Malaysia, dark colour honey produced by Trigona from starfruit or carambola trees contains exceptionally high levels of potassium, magnesium, iron and zinc. Stingless bee honey certainly has a lot of nutrients because meliponine is smaller than the normal bee and can suck nectar from flowers to the deepest space. As a result, the honey collected contains many vitamins and minerals, among which is propolis, produced from the bee’s saliva mixed with its food such as pollen, bark, tree shoots and flowers. Propolis is considered beneficial to heatlh because it contains all 16 amino acids, glucose, vitamins A, B, C, D and E, bioflavonoids and minerals. Bioflavanid repairs and improves the systems of the human body and livestock.

 

 

 

 Rear the real thing nowadays, many people are fond of honey and some have even bought fake honey. This is because technology today is so advanced that it can help formulate honey identical to the original product. So rearing your own honey bees is an option to obtain real honey. If you are afraid of being stung, then rear the stingless bees. The Bumiputera Entrepreneurs Development Unit (Bedu) in the Chief Minister’s Department and Mardi are taking steps to promote and commercialise stingless bee honey. Assistant Minister in the Chief Minister’s Department (Entrepreneur Development) Datuk Naroden Majais said in May Malaysia spent RM26.7 million on imported honey in 2008 and this increased to RM40.8 million in 2011 and RM50 million last year. He added that based on last year’s statistics, only 730 entrepreneurs nationwide had ventured into honey production. Naroden noted that stingless bees rearing could become an important cottage industry for the people to earn extra income. With a starting capital of between RM40,000 and RM50,000, he said apiarists (honey farmers) could earn between RM5,000 and RM30,000 a month with between 50 and 1,000 bee colonies. Each colony could produce up to 2kg of honey a month, he said, adding that the honey could fetch RM120 per kg in peninsular Malaysia. Based on Mardi’s research, there are 35 species of stingless bees in the peninsula while more can be found in Sarawak. DOA recently with Mardi is popularising the breeding of stingless bees. Meliponine honey in the form of medicinal honey contains natural antibiotic elements and functions as an anti-oxidant, anti-bacterial and anti-toxic agent. It also dilates blood vessels, strengthens the immune system and activates cells. Thanks.

 

By,
M Anem,
Senior Agronomist,
Min House Camp Kelulut Farm,
Kubang Krian, Kota Bharu,
Kelantan.
(31 October 2014)