VERTICAL FARMING - WHAT TO KNOW?

WHAT TO KNOW ABOUT VERTICAL FARMING?. It was a popular question because by 2050, the world’s population is expected to grow to 9.7 billion people and feeding it will be a huge challenge. However due to industrial development and urbanization, the world are losing arable lands every day. In 2015 as told by scientists that the Earth had lost a third of its arable lands over the previous 40 years. Many nation dont know how much more are going to lose in the next 40 years. Increasing food demand due to a growing population along with ever decreasing arable lands poses one of the greatest challenges facing us. Many believe that vertical farming can be the answer to this challenge. Is vertical farming the future of agriculture. What Is Vertical Farming?. It defined as the practice of producing food on vertically inclined surfaces. Instead of farming vegetables and other foods on a single level, such as in a field or a greenhouse, this method produces foods in vertically stacked layers commonly integrated into other structures like a skyscraper, shipping container or repurposed warehouse. Blog "Anim Agriculture Technology" describe what to know about vertical farming.

One of the mos popular model of vertical farming are by using Controlled Environment Agriculture (CEA) technology, this modern idea uses indoor farming techniques. The artificial control of temperature, light, humidity, and gases makes producing foods and medicine indoor possible. In many ways, vertical farming is similar to greenhouses where metal reflectors and artificial lighting augment natural sunlight. The primary goal of vertical farming is maximizing crops output in a limited space. The technology of how Vertical Farming works in which there are four critical areas in understanding how vertical farming works that was The Physical layout, Lighting, Growing medium and lastly the Sustainability features. For the first, the primary goal of vertical farming is producing more foods per square meter. To accomplish this goal, crops are cultivated in stacked layers in a tower life structure. Secondly, a perfect combination of natural and artificial lights is used to maintain the perfect light level in the room. Technologies such as rotating beds are used to improve lighting efficiency. Thirdly, instead of soil, aeroponic, aquaponic or hydroponic growing mediums are used. Peat moss or coconut husks and similar non-soil mediums are very common in vertical farming. Finally, the vertical farming method uses various sustainability features to offset the energy cost of farming. In fact, vertical farming uses 95% less water. There are advantages and disadvantages of Vertical Farming according to many factors. Vertical farming has a lot of promise and sounds like the farm of the future. However, there are a few stumbling blocks to consider before rushing full-speed ahead into vertical farming. As for the advantages, normally it offers a plan to handle future food demands, it also allows crops to grow year-round, uses significantly less water,  weather doesn't affect the crops and more organic crops can be grown and there is less exposure to chemicals and disease. For the disadvantages it could be very costly to build and economic feasibility studies haven't yet been completed, the pollination would be very difficult and costly, it would involve higher labor costs, It relies too much on technology and one day of power loss would be devastating. There are many discussion on advantages of Vertical Farming including of having greater output from a small cultivation area is not the only advantage of vertical farming. Following are some of the major benefits of vertical farming.

As predicted by 2050 estimated around 68% of the world population is expected to live in urban areas, and the growing population will lead to an increased demand for food.4 The efficient use of vertical farming may perhaps play a significant role in preparing for such a challenge. Vertical farming allows us to produce more crops from the same square footage of growing area. In fact estimated from 1 acre of an indoor area offers equivalent production to at least 4-6 acres of outdoor capacity.5 According to an independent estimate, a 30-story building with a basal area of 5 acres can potentially produce an equivalent of 2,400 acres of conventional horizontal farming.6 Additionally, year-round crop production is possible in a controlled indoor environment which is completely controlled by vertical farming technologies. Vertical farming allows us to produce crops with 70% to 95% less water than required for normal cultivation. Crops in a field can be adversely affected by natural calamities such as torrential rains, cyclones, flooding or severe droughts events which are becoming increasingly common as a result of global warming. Indoor vertical farms are less likely to feel the brunt of the unfavorable weather, providing greater certainty of harvest output throughout the year. As crops are produced in a well-controlled indoor environment without the use of chemical pesticides, vertical farming allows us to grow pesticide-free and organic crops. Indoor vertical farming can significantly lessen the occupational hazards associated with traditional farming. Farmers are not exposed to hazards related to heavy farming equipment, diseases like malaria, poisonous chemicals and so on. As it does not disturb animals and trees inland areas, it is good for biodiversity as well.

However there are limitations of Vertical Farming. Vertical farming has both pros and cons. Sometimes the pros of vertical farming are highlighted and not the cons. Following are the major limitations of vertical farming.  The financial feasibility of this new farming method remains uncertain. The financial situation is changing, however, as the industry matures and technologies improve. Issues on the difficulties with Pollination actually the vertical farming takes place in a controlled environment without the presence of insects. As such, the pollination process needs to be done manually, which will be labor intensive and costly. For labor Costs as high as energy costs are in vertical farming, labor costs can be even higher due to their concentration in urban centers where wages are higher, as well as the need for more skilled labor. Automation in vertical farms, however, may lead to the need for fewer workers. Manual pollination may become one of the more labor-intensive functions in vertical farms. It is too much fot the dependency on the technology. The development of better technologies can always increase efficiency and lessen costs. But the entire vertical farming is extremely dependent on various technologies for lighting, maintaining temperature, and humidity. Losing power for just a single day can prove very costly for a vertical farm. Many believe the technologies in use today are not ready for mass adoption. Vertical farming technologies are still relatively new. Companies are yet to successfully produce crops at scale and make it economically feasible to meet the growing food demand. The performance of farms like AeroFarms will determine how important a role vertical farming will play in the future to face the challenge of growing food demand. The technologies developed for vertical farms are also being adopted by other segments of the indoor farming sector, such as greenhouses in which can utilize natural sunlight, albeit requiring much more real estate and longer routes to market. The vertical farming is the future food production for more world population. Thanks.

By,

M Anem,

Putrajaya,

Malaysia.

(February 2021).

Updated December 2023.