TASTE OF TOP DURIAN VARIETY IN MALAYSIA (Part 2)

DURIAN IN MALAYSIA (Durio zibethinus) are one of the most popular fruits also known as 'King of The Fruits' locally. From my experience in agriculture sector for more than 35 years reported that there are 85,366 hectares of durian grown in 2022 producing for 459,747 metrics tons of fresh fruit. According to Department of Agriculture Malaysia, the largest durian are grown in Johor about 19,766 ha producing for about 121,898 mt followed by in Pahang for 14,803 ha producing about 107,386 mt and also Kelantan for 8,667 ha producing about 41,815 mt in 2022. There are more that 224 durian varieties registered under National Plant Variety Registration with the Department of Agriculture where I was involved in the process of making it last time. I also write almost 800 articles about durian in "Anim Agro Technology'' blog in the past 15 years and read by millions. However, when it comes to every year's June to August durian season, When the “King of Fruits” season rolls around, all types of durians from Malaysia go on display waiting to be savored. Truthfully, our love affair with the thorny fruit is unquenchable, and many are willing to drain their wallets and go to great lengths for their favorites. In the article "Anim Agriculture Technology" I would like to share some basic information about some premium or popular durian varieties in Malaysia for your consideration.

4. DURIAN D24
This durian variety among the earliest popular durian in early years of clonal durian industry grown in Malaysia. For me this durian are the best durian in their ages long before. This durian variety are close rival to the Musang King in which at certain area and local the D24 durian is also sometimes called the ‘Sultan’ or the ‘D24 Sultan’. Actually, for me interestingly, the D24 used to occupy the bestseller spot in the 1990s before the Musang King was introduced into the market. The D24 is said to be subtler than the Musang King, but also shares a creamy texture and is often a good pick to introduce to durian newbies. Aside from its yellowish-green flesh, the relatively short stem of the D24 and the obvious brown ring. For me the flavor of D24 is mostly bitter with hints of sweetness and alcohol with its texture is robust, firm, and thick. Can be a little dry at times as their colour are pale yellow (See picture). This D24 durian mostly grown in the state of Johor, Pahang and Cameron Highlands in Pahang respectively.

(5) DURIAN HAJJAH HASMAH (D168)
This durian variety are also known asa Durian D101 with the registration number is D168 (not D101). This varie is mostly grown in Muar, Johor in which normally the D101 will combines the taste of bitterness, sweetness, and fibrous flesh into a delectable treat. It’s the perfect durian to satisfy your cravings without feeling the guilt, which also makes it accessible for elderly and young children! As the flesh is firmer than other types of Malaysian durians, it falls off the seed easily, so you don’t have to worry about making a mess. For me the flavour of durian D101 is bitter-sweet with the texture is fibrous and firm and their colour look as yellow with subtle orange tones. Other than Johor it was reporrted grown in Penang and Perak.

 

6. DURIAN GOLDEN PHOENIX

this variety also known as Durian Jin Feng in which mostly grown in Johor and Pahang respectively. Not many durian growers like to grow this variety due to certain technical aspect. If the Red Prawn Durian able to caters for those with a sweet tooth, then the Golden Phoenix with its needle-like thorns so called the nature’s gift to those hankering for something bitter. The pale and watery yellow flesh can sometimes be mistaken to be rotten, but there’s no mistaking the strong scent that follows this durian type (See photo). However due to its small size, many growers and consumer are forgiven for not realising that this is a durian at first glance with some specimens even mimicking the size of a regular mango. Normally this the Golden Phoenix dueian able to offer a substantial amount of flesh in which often earning it a reputation for being value-for-money. For me after testing this durian variety found that the flavour is bitter but occasionally sweet with the texture of less creamy with a watery texture. This flesh colour is pale yellow white. There are few sequence article for this popular durian in Malaysia from Part 1 to Part 4 respectively. Thanks.

By,

M Anem,

Senior Agronomist,

Putrajaya,

Malaysia.

(October 2023).

Updated in June 2026.

TASTE OF TOP DURIAN VARIETY IN MALAYSIA (Pt 1)

DURIAN IN MALAYSIA (Durio zibethinus) are one of the most popular fruit also known as 'King of The Fruits' locally. From my experience in agriculture sector for more than 35 years reported that thera are 85,366 hectares of durian grown in 2022 producing for 459,747 metrics tons of fresh fruit. According to Department of Agricuture Malaysia, the largest durian are grown in Johor about 19,766 ha producing for abouy 121,898 mt followed by in Pahang for 14,803 ha producing abour 107,386 mt and also Kelantan for 8,667 ha producing about 41,815 mt in 2022. There are more that 224 durian varieties registered under National Plant Variety Registration with the Department of Agriculture where I was involved in the process of making it last time. I also write almost 800 article about durian in "Anim Agro Technology'' blog in the past 15 years and read by millions. However, when it comes to every year's June to August durian season, When the “King Of Fruits” season rolls around, all types of durians from Malaysia go on display waiting to be savored. Truthfully, our love affair with the thorny fruit is unquenchable, and many are willing to drain their wallets and go to great lengths for their favorites. In the article "Anim Agriculture Technology" I would like to share some basic information about some premium or popular durian varieties in Malaysia for your consideration.

(1) MUSANG KING (D197)
This variety among the most popular durian in Malaysia or in the world. This Durian Musang King also known as Mao Shan Wang or MSW in which are similar to Durian Raja Kunyit before. For me I already tested the conventional fruit of durian musang king and organic fruit of durian musang king. Arguably for many durian lovers it was the most prestigious type of durian available in Malaysia and marketed ini Singapore, Indonesia and many other countries. Musang Kings are often grown in orchards largely in Raub, Pahang and many other states such as Johor and Pahang respectively. Its immense popularity is probably due to its rich taste and bright yellow-brown hue. Its creamy flesh leaves a lingering bittersweet taste on the taste buds. Its pyramid-shaped thorns and the star-shaped pattern at the base of the stem are the clearest giveaways. For me the flavour are Creamy and bitter-sweet in which the texture are butter-like thick flesh with the colour are Bright yellow.
 

2. Durian UDANG MERAH (D175)

This variety also known as Red Prawn Durian or Hong Xia Durian that was popular based in Pulau Pinang. The flesh of the Red Prawn is very different from other durians as it usually has an orange to red hue. The taste of this durian depends on the age of the tree on which it grew, with younger trees producing sweet fruit while older ones produced more bitter sweet fruit. The Red Prawn is closer to being a “dessert” than other types of durians in Malaysia. Creamy and rich, there’s an obvious absence of bitterness in the reddish flesh, but that’s replaced with memorable sweetness. The Red Prawn durian is characterised by its brownish colour as well as its short thorns that sprout far apart from each other. When I tested the fruit many times found that the flavour is sweet, the texture is creamy but can be slightly watery with the colour lokk like as red orange respectively.

3. DURIAN TEKKA (160)

This durian variety are also known as Durian Green Bamboo in which is also known as the Musang Queen and it comes on the tail of the Musang King’s reputation. However, Durian Tekka stands on its own for its consistent texture and bitterness although it doesn’t look like much. In terms of rarity among the types of durians in Malaysia, the Tekka is quite hard to come by so don't miss it when you come across it. Durian tekka reported mostly grown in Johor. For me after act as the Durian Festival Judge in Penang Durian Competition found that the flavour of Durian Tekka is bitter with overlaying tartness with the texture is moist and wrinkly and breaking easily. Their colour are pale and almost-white yellow with significance taste. There are few sequences article for this popular durian in Malaysia from Part 1 to Part 4 respectively. Thanks.

By,

M Anem,

Senior Agronomist,

Putrajaya,

Malaysia.

(October 2023).

Updated in June 2026.

FERTILIZER SUPPLY ISSUES IN MALAYSIA 2026

THE FERTILIZER SUPPLY ISSUES IN MALAYSIA and the risk of reduced application rates for 2026/2027 grain crops across Southeast Asia is increasing particularly as key application windows approach, posing downside risks to production. Reported that Malaysia is among the most insulated from nitrogenous fertiliser supply constraints and given its strong domestic production capacity, which should help limit downside risks to application rates along with Indonesia and Vietnam. By May 2026 the effectiveness of this insulation will depend on policy efforts to prioritise domestic supply amid attractive export opportunities. It was believe the region is more uniformly exposed to constraints in phosphatic fertiliser supplies due to its reliance on imported inputs. Added that since the escalation of the conflict between the United States, Israel and Iran on Feb 28, 2026 the global urea prices have risen sharply. The US Gulf New Orleans granular urea spot index increased by 40.4% from Feb 27, 2026 to close at US$66 per tonne on March 20, 2026 and reflecting expectations of significantly tighter global fertiliser supply amid constrained exports from the Gulf Cooperation Council region. The region accounted for around 20% of global nitrogenous fertiliser exports by value in 2024 and supplies a significant share of the natural gas used in fertiliser production. With grain planting seasons approaching across South East Asia that sustained high prices for nitrogen-based fertilisers including urea on which grain production is highly reliant could prompt under application and raising downside risks to 2026/2027 crop yields. Reported that impacts to be uneven across markets, reflecting differing production structures, policy responses and exposure to imports. Beyond nitrogenous fertilisers, it expects South East Asia to face heightened risks from the phosphatic fertiliser supply chain. Thailand and Malaysia rely more heavily on alternative suppliers including Egypt in which accounts for approximately 90% and 50% of their phosphatic fertiliser imports respectively. Though this reduces exposure to China‑specific supply risks where both markets remain vulnerable to higher prices stemming from tightening global supply conditions and elevated logistical and transport costs. Beyond fertiliser‑related challenges it able to highlights increasing downside risks to grain output across South East Asia stemming from expected El Nino conditions. Reported recently in March 2026, the Climate Prediction Centre assigns a greater than 60% probability of El Nino conditions emerging from June, with 48 per cent chance of at least moderate intensity by August, signalling increasing weather risks amid the crop development period broadly across the region. This article in "Anim Agriculture Technology" blog I rewrite some article about fertilizer supply issues in Malaysia in 2026 for all readers.

Malaysia's agri-commodity sector is facing a severe cost squeeze on multiple fronts with shipping costs to the Middle East surging between 50% and 80% and war risk insurance premiums rising to as much as three per cent. The global supply crisis following the National Economic Action Council (MTEN) meeting about the issues had been raised by the industry through engagement with the Plantation and Commodities Ministry and had been noted by the council. Reported that beyond logistics, upstream plantation and machinery costs have risen between 10 - 30% while rubber replanting costs have increased by between 46% and 55% and the manufacturing costs are also under strain with palm oleochemical production costs rising by up to 30%. The agricultural input costs are adding further pressure, with local and imported NPK (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) fertiliser prices climbing by up to 45.5% and agricultural pesticides rising by up to 37.5%. To protect smallholder incomes, the government has implemented a series of mitigation measures through the Plantation and Commodities Ministry. These include monitoring plantation operating costs to optimise production expenses and channelling targeted cash assistance to smallholders through the Budi Agri-Komoditi scheme to ease the input cost burden. The government is also start to coordinating bulk purchases of fertiliser and pesticides through central agencies to secure lower prices for farmers, and providing logistics assistance through rebates on export levies and duties for returned cargo to reduce losses for operators.  As alternatives to expensive imported chemical fertilisers, the government is promoting the use of organic fertilisers. It is also deploying Soil Nutrient Probe mapping technology in cocoa and pepper cultivation, with potential for expansion to other commodity crops.

Malaysia must remain resilient when facing the escalating geopolitical tensions in which could heighten economic pressures, including rising costs and potential disruptions to critical supplies. Malaysia must be prepared to navigate the spillover effects of global conflicts, which are increasingly impacting energy markets, food security and supply chains. Malaysia must brace for the possibility of worsening economic conditions including spiralling costs and shortages in key supplies. Reported for the next few months the adequately supplied, but Malaysia cannot discount the possibility of difficulties particularly in diesel and fertilisers. The national resilience must be strengthened through coordinated efforts across government, industry and society, including prudent economic management and long-term planning. The leastMalaysia can expect is a strong national resolve and the capacity to withstand these pressures as steded by The Prime Minister. Anwar added that Malaysia's strength lies in its unity as a multi-racial and multi-religious nation in which he described as a key foundation in facing external shocks. There is still a semblance of unity and a collective will to protect the nation and work together to resolve our challenges. He also reiterated the importance of a consistent and principled foreign policy, adding that Malaysia must continue to advocate for peaceful resolutions to global conflicts, as stability abroad directly affects domestic economic conditions. Malaysia  approach must remain coherent and consistent in seeking peace, as global instability inevitably has consequences for our economy. Thanks....

By,

M Anem,

Malacca,

Malaysia.

(June 2026).

RUBBER PRODUCT IN MALAYSIA IN FUTURE

RUBBER PRODUCT from Malaysia has projected that the exports of rubber and rubber products could exceed RM30 billion by end of the year 2026 and this was based on the performance in the first half of 2025). This strong outlook is supported by the sector's impressive results in which highlight the industry's resilience and ability to adapt to global market trends. Last year Malaysia's exports of rubber and rubber products rebounded significantly to RM15.5 billion in which it was an increase of 16.3% over the same period in 2024. Of this, rubber products accounted for 70.5% or RM10.9 billion, while rubber exports contributed RM4.6 billion, reflecting substantial year-on-year growth of 29.4%. Actually, the rubber products sector is made up of latex products, industrial rubber goods, general rubber goods, footwear, tyres and inner tubes. Reported that the rubber gloves remained the largest product contributor, accounting for 62.5% of the total rubber products exported, with exports reaching RM6.8 billion a promising 16.7% growth. Medical gloves alone contributed RM5.0 billion, reflecting a 15.7% growth due to continued global demand for high-quality Malaysian gloves, particularly from the healthcare sector. Malaysia exported second largest rubber produc known as Tyres. Exports to Brazil showed a strong 22.5% increase but overall tyre exports slightly decreased by 1.7% totalling RM962.8 million. Apart from gloves, other latex products such as rubber catheters and latex threads saw notable performance, with exports of catheters rising by 15.8% to RM298.1 million and latex threads increasing by 15.5% to RM282.5 million. Malaysia's exports of industrial rubber goods and general rubber goods showed positive growth and an industrial rubber goods saw a 6.7% increase, totalling RM933.9 million, while general rubber goods grew by 5.1% to reach RM854.2 million. Exports of footwear also recorded a 5.6% increase, contributing RM364.9 million to the total export value in which the United States continued to be the largest export market for Malaysian rubber products. It accounted for 31.4% of the total rubber products exports, with a total value of RM3.43 billion, marking a significant 23.1% increase from the same period before. The demand for rubber gloves in the United States remained strong, contributing significantly to this growth. The recent tariff adjustments by the United States on Chinese-made rubber medical and surgical gloves present a significant opportunity for Malaysian glove manufacturers to expand their global footprint. Malaysian glove manufacturers have long been recognised for their high-quality, sustainable products, and this development further enhances their competitive positioning on the global stage. With over 35% of Malaysia's rubber glove exports directed to the US, this policy change will not only bolster our manufacturers' market share but also underscore the resilience and reliability of Malaysia's rubber glove industry. Other key export destinations for Malaysia's rubber products included China, with exports valued at RM593.1 million (5.4% share, up 3.9%), Japan at RM586.4 million (5.4% share, down 2.4%), Germany at RM581.0 million (5.3% share, up 25.3%) and Singapore at RM470.1 million (4.3% share, up 0.1%). Germany's rubber product imports from Malaysia experienced a sharp rise, with a 25.3% increase, driven by higher demand for medical and industrial rubber products. China also showed steady growth, further solidifying its position as one of Malaysia's key trading partners. This article in "Anim Agricuture Technnology" I would like to share an information of rubber product ptoduction and aexports status relatively.

In other report by Nst.com reported thaf Malaysia's rubber sector, which exports more than RM33 billion worth of related products annually, is expected to see stronger demand next year, with technical rubber products and medical gloves projected to grow by up to 10%. According to rubber expert Denis Low told Business Times that Malaysia has a long-standing history in global rubber exports, with growth prospects improving as the world moves past the Covid-19 pandemic when demand for rubber gloves skyrocketed. They believe that growth of about eight per cent to 10 per cent is possible in technical rubber products and also in the medical glove industries. On Malaysia's competitiveness in research and development (R&D) and technology, he said the country has transformed from a raw rubber producer into a global player in value-added rubber products. Through continuous developments and innovations, Malaysia now produces high-quality mattresses, medical gloves, technical rubber absorbers and condoms. Malaysian rubber development programme is ongoing and with the Malaysian Rubber Board (MRB) spearheading research to enhance productivity and advance technology. Malaysia's export number is driven by strong R&D capabilities, despite the country's growing reliance on imported natural rubber in which Malaysia now imports an average of RM7.5 billion of natural rubber each year due to domestic production shortfalls. The rubber industry has long been a key contributor to the country. At one time, we were the largest exporter of natural rubber, but today, we are among the largest importers. This shift reflects how the world has changed and how the country's development has diversified to include many other agri-commodities. Malaysia emphasize here is that, even though we have limited natural rubber, the technology in R&D that we possess is actually recognized worldwide. Because of the strength of our R&D spanning midstream and downstream processes, we are able to achieve exports of over RM33 billion. Since its establishment, MRB has commercialised over 200 R&D technologies and registered 394 patents, reinforcing Malaysia's status as a global centre for rubber innovation in which these innovations cover the entire rubber industry value chain and have had a profound impact on the domestic sector, while also shaping the development of the global rubber industry.

The MRB's research efforts have been crucial in tackling challenges such as crop diseases, low yields, market fluctuations, and global economic crises. On next year's export target it will largely hinge on the pace of global economic growth. If the global economy grows around three to four percent, demand for our products is also expected to increase at nearly the same rate. The added value generated through technology, innovation, and local processing capabilities enables us to produce high-value products for the global market, and this is our export strength. On sustainability, MRB plays an important role in strengthening the rubber industry, especially as consumers increasingly prioritise sustainably produced agri-commodities. The board has introduced the Malaysian Sustainable Natural Rubber (MSNR) initiative, which emphasises the principles of sustainability, traceability, transparency, and socio-economic responsibility. The initiative is crucial to maintaining the marketability of Malaysian rubber products in countries with high sustainability standards. It also ensures that imported rubber is sourced from producers that adopt sustainable practices. Currently, Malaysia imports natural rubber from Thailand, Vietnam, Ivory Coast, and several other countries. Malaysia remains limited information on the sustainability practices in these source countries, posing a major challenge for the industry and for countries with limited sustainable rubber products, I have suggested to MRB that we share our R&D and technology with them. When sourcing from these countries, we need to guide them on sustainability standards and introduce a traceability system so that they can increase the value of their products by complying with these requirements. In Malaysia the MRB Strategy 2026–2030 will also emphasise the importance of automation, robotics, artificial intelligence, geospatial mapping, and supply chain digitalisation.

On other report stated that Malaysia exports more than RM33 billion worth of rubber and rubber-based products annually, driven largely by its strong research and development (R&D) capabilities despite the country's growing reliance on imported natural rubber. Plantation and Commodities Minister Datuk Seri Johari Abdul Ghani said Malaysia now imports an average of RM7.5 billion of natural rubber each year due to domestic production shortfalls. The rubber industry has long been a key contributor to the country. At one time, we were the largest exporter of natural rubber, but today Mlaaysia are among the largest importers. This shift reflects how the world has changed and how the country's development has diversified to include many other agri-commodities. What Malaysia want to emphasise here is that, even though we have limited natural rubber, the technology in R&D that we possess is actually recognised worldwide and because of the strength of the R&D spanning midstream and downstream processes, we are able to achieve exports of over RM33 billion. The establishment of MRB, the organisation has commercialised over 200 R&D technologies and registered 394 patents, reinforcing Malaysia's status as a global centre for rubber innovation in which these innovations cover the entire rubber industry value chain and have had a profound impact on the domestic sector, while also shaping the development of the global rubber industry. The MRB's research efforts have been crucial in tackling challenges such as crop diseases, low yields, market fluctuations, and global economic crises. On next year's export target Malaysia will largely hinge on the pace of global economic growth and if the global economy grows around three to four percent, demand for our products is also expected to increase at nearly the same rate. The added value generated through technology, innovation, and local processing capabilities enables us to produce high-value products for the global market, and this is our export strength," he told reporters after officiating the event. The sustainability plays an important role in strengthening the rubber industry, especially as consumers increasingly prioritise sustainably produced agri-commodities. MRB has introduced the Malaysian Sustainable Natural Rubber (MSNR) initiative, which emphasises the principles of sustainability, traceability, transparency, and socio-economic responsibility. The initiative is crucial to maintaining the marketability of Malaysian rubber products in countries with high sustainability standards. MRB also ensures that imported rubber is sourced from producers that adopt sustainable practices. Currently, Malaysia imports natural rubber from Thailand, Vietnam, Ivory Coast, and several other countries. There remains limited information on the sustainability practices in these source countries, posing a major challenge for the industry. For countries with limited sustainable rubber products, I have suggested to MRB that we share our R&D and technology with them. When sourcing from these countries, Malaysia need to guide them on sustainability standards and introduce a traceability system so that they can increase the value of their products by complying with these requirements. The MRB Strategy 2026–2030 will also emphasise the importance of automation, robotics, artificial intelligence, geospatial mapping, and supply chain digitalisation. Thanks.

By,

M Anem,

Senior Agronomist,

Melaka,

Malaysia.

January 2026.

Posted on May 2026.

ANIMAL INDUSTRY IN MALAYSIA

MALAYSIA is actively working to boost its low ruminant meat self-sufficiency level (SSL) in which is currently around 20% as reported by the Ministry of Agriculture and Food Industry recently. Stated that by implementing modern technology like AI and drones under the National Agrofood Policy 2021to 2030 (NAP 2.0). The goal is to achieve 50% beef self-sufficiency by 2030 and address the heavy 80% import dependency. The data stated that the key aspects of Meat Production in Malaysia especially for Beef Production Constraints in which Malaysia relies heavily on imports for beef to comply with local production meeting only 20% of demand (approximately about 47,000 tonnes) while 200,000 tonnes are needed annually.  Targeted growth set by the Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security aims to produce 100,000 tonnes of beef locally by 2030. Also mention that for ruminant focused to achieve a 50% SSL by 2030 and the country needs to increase the cattle population significantly with projections of needing over three million cattle by 2040 to be planned. Among challenges reported are include issue on low production, limited modern technology, lack of financing and high dependence on imported fodder. The strategy and innovation required a special committee chaired by the ministry's secretary-general is focusing on AI and modern farming to increase productivity, alongside developing the ruminant industry. In other sector in which for poultry development in which Malaysia holds a higher self-sufficiency in poultry compared to beef. Investment is growing in alternative sources such as the first cultivated meat production facility aimed at promoting sustainable food Malaysia needs three million cattle by 2040 to meet domestic needs for the future. This article in "Anim Agriculture Technology" blog I share the potential and planning by Malaysia for the animal industry. 

 

Malaysia will need more than three million cattle by 2040 to meet domestic meat and dairy supply needs, said Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security Ministry secretary-general Datuk Seri Isham Ishak. He said the development of the country's ruminant industry was among the main focuses of the ministry in its long-term plan to strengthen the agri-food sector through the application of modern technology such as the use of artificial intelligence (AI) and drones to increase the sector's productivity. Stated that from 2021 to 2025, Malaysia projected the contribution of this sector is quite large and in future in which the self-sufficiency ratio (SSR) reaching 50 per cent by 2030. This 2025 year, Malaysia have approximately 886,000 cattle but by 2030 needed more than three million cattle to ensure that the food security agenda is achieved, especially in the country's ruminant sector. Various initiatives including breeding programmes, cattle importation and feedlot schemes are being implemented to achieve this goal. To support the poultry and ruminant farming industries sustainably, the ministry is also focusing on developing the grain corn sector, especially to reduce dependence on imported livestock feed. Stated that in previously Malaysia imported 100 per cent of grain corn, but this year the country has begun planting with a production target of approximately 1.25 million tonnes per year for animal feed. The he approaches was in line with the country's food security agenda which required long-term planning and innovation-based, among others, through cooperation with foreign countries, including in the exchange of technology and agricultural practices, as well as ensuring the supply chain. The use of AI technology in aquaculture and drone applications in agricultural activities were seen to be able to optimise input use, reduce dependence on labour, increase production efficiency, thus supporting the sustainability of the agro-food sector. For the fisheries sector remained an important contributor to the country's economy with a contribution of around RM9.18 billion to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in the third quarter of this year, despite facing various challenges including weather factors and the monsoon season. Regarding Budget 2026 mentioned that the allocation provided by the government reflected the government's continued commitment to the agricultural sector as a strategic sector. Agricultural subsidies are very important to stabilise food prices, guarantee supply and ensure the survival of farmers, padi farmers and fishermen. 

Through Budget 2026, the government has allocated RM6.87 billion to the agriculture sector, an increase of seven per cent compared to the previous year, as an effort to strengthen the country's food security agenda in the face of climate change challenges and global supply chain disruptions. In addition, an allocation of RM2.63 billion has been provided for various subsidies including padi price subsidies, padi crop subsidies, fertilizer subsidies, seed subsidies and padi production incentives as well as assistance to rice farmers, thus recording the highest agricultural subsidy in history. The involvement of youth in the agriculture sector was important to ensure the continuity of the country's food security agenda, given that the majority of agricultural entrepreneurs are now over 60 years old. Through various grant schemes and entrepreneurial support, almost 4,000 agri-entrepreneurs had been established with more than 30 per cent earning an income of more than RM5,000 per month. Aslo stated the Malaysia Agriculture, Horticulture and Agrotourism Exhibition (MAHA) 2026 will be used as a platform to attract investments, foster strategic collaborations and introduce value-added agricultural technologies to strengthen the country's agricultural ecosystem. Thanks.

By,

M Anem,

Room 507, Micasa All Suite Hotel,

Kuala Lumpur.

(April 2026).

Updated May 2026.

US-IRAN WAR AND FERTILIZER SUPPLY ISSUE

THE CURRENT US-IRAN WAR conflict is severely disrupting global fertilizer supplies and driving up prices by over 50% as shipments through the Strait of Hormuz are blocked. Nitrogen-based urea prices have surged to around US$700 per tonne in whicj it is threatening global crop yields and food security, particularly for countries dependent on Middle East imports. Key details regarding the fertilizer-Iran war connection (April 2026). The Strait of Hormuz Blockade where the conflict has disrupted shipping through this critical corridor in which typically handles over 33% of global urea and 25% of basic ammonia as an essential component for fertilizer production. Issue of price surge such as Urea prices skyrocketed from approximately US$465 to US$700 per tonne following the conflict surely threatening to spike global food costs. For the Malaysia's Position while the Malaysia’s food supply chain is initially stable, economists warn that sustained fertilizer cost pressures could reach domestic supermarket prices within months. The National Farmers Organisation (Nafas) noted that fertilizer availability for Malaysia's rice farmers remains sufficient for now due to existing stock and subsidies. Stated that the Global Impact as the US and India are heavily impacted by fertilizer shortages. The crisis has affected farmers during the critical spring planting season in the Northern Hemisphere. For the production costs the high energy prices, with gas prices representing up to 90% of ammonia production costs are driving these price spikes. According to experts warn that if the conflict persists, reduced fertilizer usage by farmers will lead to lower crop yields and higher food prices in the coming year. This article in ''Anim Agriculture Technology' blog I rewrite an article regarding to the issue on US-Iran war impact to agriculture sector especialy in fertilizer supply in Malaysia.

The NST portal has reported that 'Iran war drives global fertilisers prices up, raising food cost fears' where the war in Iran has resulted in a 30 - 40 per cent spike in the cost of mineral fertiliser since the start of the year, threatening international food prices, German Press Agency (dpa) reported as citing German experts. World market prices for nitrogen fertiliser are increasingly approaching the peak levels we saw at the start of Russia's war against Ukraine (in February 2022) as said by Philipp Spinne, managing director of the German Raiffeisen Association (DRV). In Europe however, consumers have not yet directly felt the effects because many farmers had already purchased their spring fertiliser before the Iran war began, the Bavarian Farmers' Association told dpa. But should the war drag on, production costs in Germany and other countries are likely to rise, and with them, producer prices, it warned. Four years ago, the threat to global food security feared by some experts did not materialise. This was partly because Russia as a leading fertiliser producer has benefited from the invasion of its neighbour and actually increased its fertiliser exports. For the European Union has since gradually introduced tariff increases on Russian nitrogen fertilisers. High energy prices are primarily driving the pricing spike, with gas prices accounting for up to 90 per cent of the costs of ammonia and nitrogen production, said Germany's Agrar industry association. Therefore, if gas becomes more and more expensive, fertiliser prices automatically rise. But if farmers use less fertiliser surely crop yields suffer as a result.

In other report stated that "Malaysia buffers fertiliser shock but pressure may hit shelves in months'' that was stated Malaysia's food supply chain is holding firm for now against a sharp global fertiliser price shock triggered by the US-Iran conflict, but economists cautioned the pressure could reach supermarket prices within months if disruptions persist. Media rported that Malaysia's food supply chain is holding firm for now against a sharp global fertiliser price shock triggered by the US-Iran conflict, but economists cautioned the pressure could reach supermarket prices within months if disruptions persist. On the ground, industry players said domestic fertiliser stocks remain adequate and farm distribution channels are functioning smoothly, offering a temporary buffer against a 50 per cent surge in global urea prices. National Farmers Organisation (Nafas) general manager told Business Times that fertiliser availability for Malaysian farmers remains stable and sufficient despite rising global prices and supply chain disruptions. M Faris said while international fertiliser prices have faced upward pressure in recent months, domestic supply in Malaysia has remained sufficient to meet current planting needs, particularly under the subsidised paddy input programme. The stock levels managed through Nafas remain adequate, while distribution to farmers, particularly paddy farmers under subsidy, continues without critical disruption despite the challenging global environment. He added that the nitrogen-, phosphate- and potash-based fertilisers were the most exposed to global market volatility, particularly urea, diammonium phosphate and muriate of potash. He said Malaysia is dependent on imports for a substantial share of phosphate- and potash-based fertilisers, along with certain finished products and raw materials. This structural reliance is precisely why Nafas has put in place diversified sourcing and structured long-term procurement, so that any price volatility or temporary disruption in one corridor does not translate into supply shortages for Malaysian farmers.

According to Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia senior defence economics lecturer and Malaysia Institute of Economics Research senior fellow Dr Nur Surayya said changes in fertiliser prices typically take about three to nine months to be reflected in consumer food prices. This delay is due to agricultural production cycles, where already-planted crops use earlier inputs, as well as government interventions and the gradual way retailers adjust prices. Fertiliser prices serve as an important early warning signal for future food inflation, particularly during prolonged geopolitical tensions that disrupt global energy and fertiliser supply chains. In the context of the 13th Malaysia Plan (13MP), this time lag provides a critical window for policymakers to act proactively by strengthening early warning systems, building strategic fertiliser reserves, and diversifying supply sources to stabilise prices and safeguard food security. Fertiliser price shocks today are a signal of food inflation tomorrow, and timely intervention is essential to protect rakyat and ensure economic resilience. A recent Fitch Ratings report said emerging Asia, including Malaysia, remains exposed to rising food costs if the US-Iran conflict persists and ongoing fertiliser due to the supply disruptions continue. It warned that prolonged constraints in fertiliser supply could increase production costs, weigh on crop yields and eventually lift food prices across the region later this year. The rating agency said prices of nitrogen-based urea have jumped about 50 per cent to roughly US$700 per tonne, from around US$465 before the war. UPNM stated that if the conflict becomes prolonged, the risk to Malaysia would extend beyond supply disruptions. This could also trigger cost-push inflation, as higher input costs, particularly for fertiliser, fuel and transportation, raise food production costs and eventually consumer prices. Such a scenario the inflation would be driven not by strong demand, but by higher costs across the supply chain. In line with the priorities of the 13MP, she said the immediate policy response should focus on stabilising supply and cushioning cost pressures. This includes building strategic stockpiles of key inputs, providing targeted subsidies for small farmers and vulnerable households, and diversifying import sources to reduce exposure to global shocks. Over the medium term, strengthening domestic production capacity, improving logistics efficiency, and adopting modern agricultural technology can help lower production costs and reduce inflationary pressure. Managing cost-push inflation requires early intervention to control input costs because when production costs rise, food prices will inevitably follow. Issue of under a prolonged external shock, Malaysia must prioritise a comprehensive food security strategy. This includes reducing dependence on imported inputs through stronger domestic fertiliser production, reinforcing national buffer stocks of essential items such as rice, fertiliser and animal feed, and accelerating the adoption of agricultural technology to improve productivity and efficiency. At the same time, enhancing regional cooperation through Asean food security mechanisms and coordinated fertiliser procurement can help share supply risks and reduce vulnerability to global disruptions. It is equally important to safeguard farmers' financial resilience through targeted input subsidies, crop insurance and credit assistance to ensure production is sustained during periods of uncertainty. The central message is clear: in an era of geopolitical volatility, food security is national security, and resilience must be built through preparedness, cooperation, and sustained support for the agriculture sector.

There are buffers hold for now where Malaysia's agricultural sector is relatively well-positioned to withstand prolonged uncertainty, provided that forward planning and policy support remain in place. For Nafas' resilience, which is supported by proactive planning has to diversified import sources and structured stock management. Nafas and other key agencies typically make fertiliser purchases ahead of planting seasons to secure supply early and reduce exposure to market volatility. Stated that Malaysia does not depend on a single country or supply route for critical fertilisers, helping to spread geopolitical and logistical risks across multiple sources. In addition, Nafas maintains buffer stocks and implements phased deliveries to ensure a steady supply to farmers, even if temporary disruptions occur further along the supply chain. Stated also specifically for the paddy sector, where fertiliser is subsidised, we have established mechanisms to ensure continuity of supply and smooth last-mile distribution through our koop and distribution network. As of now, the situation remains under control. We are not seeing critical shortages at farmer level, and field feedback indicates that farmers are still able to obtain their required fertiliser for the current seasons. Reported that Nafas treats this as a live risk, not a one-off event, and continues to stress-test scenarios and adjust procurement and stock strategies accordingly. Thanks...

By,

M Anem,

Senior Agronomist,

Malacca,

Malaysia.

(May 2026).

THE INCREASE OF FERTILIZER AND ANIMAL FEED : WHY?

THE INCREASE of fertilizer and animal feed increase and affedt the food production globally.  A question of why have fertiliser and feed prices risen?. I refer to a report by US Department of Agriculture stated that fertiliser prices have doubled in the last year due to a combination of factors. These include such as War in Ukraine in which prior to Russia’s most recent invasion of Ukraine in February 2022. Reported that Russia and Belarus were responsible for a significant size and proportion of global fertiliser exports. UN Food and Agriculture Organisation data shows that in 2019 in which Russia alone accounted supply for 19% of potassium, 15% of nitrogen and 14% of phosphorous fertiliser exports while Belarus accounted for 18% of potassium fertiliser exports. Reported that although fertiliser imports from Russia are still permitted in the US, UK and many other nations actually the sanctions have disrupted the sale of fertilisers from Russia. Banks and traders have steered clear of Russian supplies and it creating a shortage. Furthermore in the UK has imposed a 35% tariff on Russian fertiliser over and above existing tariffs. This article in "Anim Agriculture Technology" blog I rewrite an issue about the increase of fertilizer and animal feed globally.

Reported on 1 February 2022, Lithuania also halted the export of Belarusian potassium fertiliser (potash) through its port in Klaipeda. Potash is vital for global food security and World Bank figures show that potash prices more than doubled following the export ban. High energy costs: Rises in gas prices have increased the costs of fertiliser production. Ofgem figures show that wholesale gas prices on 26 April 2022 were up 284% in 12 months. Natural gas is used as both a raw material and energy source in fertiliser production. Reported from sources that in late May 2022 that gas now represents up to “90% of the variable costs in fertiliser production”. High global demand and prices for agricultural produce: High prices for some agricultural products have encouraged some farmers to purchase more fertiliser to grow more crops, driving up prices. Statistics from the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) show that the price index for UK agricultural products increased by 11.8% in the 12 months to March 2022. Figures from the World Bank show that fertilisers are now at their least affordable levels since the 2008 global food crisis following robust demand. A limited supply of materials: Some countries have introduced export bans that have increased global prices further. In 2021 stated that China introduced export controls on fertilisers including nitrogen and phosphate to limit a rise in domestic food prices. Beijing’s move had exacerbated a shortage of global supplies and helped contribute to a surge in global prices. According to Mr Nash, China is unlikely to ease these restrictions this year as it had previously indicated it would. Reliance on fertiliser imports and a lack of competition in the fertiliser industry: The UK produces 40% of its fertiliser requirements. However, one of the UK’s two major fertiliser plants has permanently closed, with its owners having cited high energy bills and  environmental taxes as key drivers behind the decision. In early June 2022, CF Fertilisers shut its Ince manufacturing plant near Chester where production had been suspended since September. The closure of the Ince plant has raised concerns about a lack of competition in the UK fertiliser industry. Imports are farmers’ only alternative to the UK’s one remaining fertiliser plant, also owed by CF Fertilisers.

Animal feed is increasing in cost largely due to the price of sunflower meal (a by-product of sunflower oil), soyabean and wheat. Figures from Our World in Data at the University of Oxford show that in 2019, Ukraine was responsible for nearly half of global sunflower oil exports and Russia and Ukraine combined were responsible for almost two thirds. In addition Russia was the world’s biggest wheat exporter in 2019 and Ukraine the fourth biggest. The majority of global soyabean supplies come from the USA and Brazil in which it is accounting for 69% combined in 2018. Furthermore due to the war in Ukraine has disrupted exports of Ukrainian agricultural produce. Typically, 90% of Ukraine’s grain is exported by sea but these exports have been held up by Russian blockades of Ukraine’s Black Sea coast. Figures from the World Bank show that the cost of sunflower meal increased by 6.4% in the first quarter of 2022 compared to the same period in 2021. On 20 June 2022, wheat prices were also up 56% year on year. This increase in the price of wheat is reflected in the cost of wheat-based animal feed in the UK. AHDB figures show that UK pelleted wheat feed prices rose by around 60% in the 12 months to May 2022. Poor harvests due to drought have reduced soyabean supplies from the USA and Brazil. Figures from the World Bank show that soyabean prices increased by 14.3% in the first quarter of 2022 compared to the same period in 2021. Thanks...

By,

M Anem,

Melaka,

Malaysia.

(December 2024).

Updated on May 2026.