FERTILIZER SUPPLY ISSUES IN MALAYSIA 2026

THE FERTILIZER SUPPLY ISSUES IN MALAYSIA and the risk of reduced application rates for 2026/2027 grain crops across Southeast Asia is increasing particularly as key application windows approach, posing downside risks to production. Reported that Malaysia is among the most insulated from nitrogenous fertiliser supply constraints and given its strong domestic production capacity, which should help limit downside risks to application rates along with Indonesia and Vietnam. By May 2026 the effectiveness of this insulation will depend on policy efforts to prioritise domestic supply amid attractive export opportunities. It was believe the region is more uniformly exposed to constraints in phosphatic fertiliser supplies due to its reliance on imported inputs. Added that since the escalation of the conflict between the United States, Israel and Iran on Feb 28, 2026 the global urea prices have risen sharply. The US Gulf New Orleans granular urea spot index increased by 40.4% from Feb 27, 2026 to close at US$66 per tonne on March 20, 2026 and reflecting expectations of significantly tighter global fertiliser supply amid constrained exports from the Gulf Cooperation Council region. The region accounted for around 20% of global nitrogenous fertiliser exports by value in 2024 and supplies a significant share of the natural gas used in fertiliser production. With grain planting seasons approaching across South East Asia that sustained high prices for nitrogen-based fertilisers including urea on which grain production is highly reliant could prompt under application and raising downside risks to 2026/2027 crop yields. Reported that impacts to be uneven across markets, reflecting differing production structures, policy responses and exposure to imports. Beyond nitrogenous fertilisers, it expects South East Asia to face heightened risks from the phosphatic fertiliser supply chain. Thailand and Malaysia rely more heavily on alternative suppliers including Egypt in which accounts for approximately 90% and 50% of their phosphatic fertiliser imports respectively. Though this reduces exposure to China‑specific supply risks where both markets remain vulnerable to higher prices stemming from tightening global supply conditions and elevated logistical and transport costs. Beyond fertiliser‑related challenges it able to highlights increasing downside risks to grain output across South East Asia stemming from expected El Nino conditions. Reported recently in March 2026, the Climate Prediction Centre assigns a greater than 60% probability of El Nino conditions emerging from June, with 48 per cent chance of at least moderate intensity by August, signalling increasing weather risks amid the crop development period broadly across the region. This article in "Anim Agriculture Technology" blog I rewrite some article about fertilizer supply issues in Malaysia in 2026 for all readers.

Malaysia's agri-commodity sector is facing a severe cost squeeze on multiple fronts with shipping costs to the Middle East surging between 50% and 80% and war risk insurance premiums rising to as much as three per cent. The global supply crisis following the National Economic Action Council (MTEN) meeting about the issues had been raised by the industry through engagement with the Plantation and Commodities Ministry and had been noted by the council. Reported that beyond logistics, upstream plantation and machinery costs have risen between 10 - 30% while rubber replanting costs have increased by between 46% and 55% and the manufacturing costs are also under strain with palm oleochemical production costs rising by up to 30%. The agricultural input costs are adding further pressure, with local and imported NPK (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) fertiliser prices climbing by up to 45.5% and agricultural pesticides rising by up to 37.5%. To protect smallholder incomes, the government has implemented a series of mitigation measures through the Plantation and Commodities Ministry. These include monitoring plantation operating costs to optimise production expenses and channelling targeted cash assistance to smallholders through the Budi Agri-Komoditi scheme to ease the input cost burden. The government is also start to coordinating bulk purchases of fertiliser and pesticides through central agencies to secure lower prices for farmers, and providing logistics assistance through rebates on export levies and duties for returned cargo to reduce losses for operators.  As alternatives to expensive imported chemical fertilisers, the government is promoting the use of organic fertilisers. It is also deploying Soil Nutrient Probe mapping technology in cocoa and pepper cultivation, with potential for expansion to other commodity crops.

Malaysia must remain resilient when facing the escalating geopolitical tensions in which could heighten economic pressures, including rising costs and potential disruptions to critical supplies. Malaysia must be prepared to navigate the spillover effects of global conflicts, which are increasingly impacting energy markets, food security and supply chains. Malaysia must brace for the possibility of worsening economic conditions including spiralling costs and shortages in key supplies. Reported for the next few months the adequately supplied, but Malaysia cannot discount the possibility of difficulties particularly in diesel and fertilisers. The national resilience must be strengthened through coordinated efforts across government, industry and society, including prudent economic management and long-term planning. The leastMalaysia can expect is a strong national resolve and the capacity to withstand these pressures as steded by The Prime Minister. Anwar added that Malaysia's strength lies in its unity as a multi-racial and multi-religious nation in which he described as a key foundation in facing external shocks. There is still a semblance of unity and a collective will to protect the nation and work together to resolve our challenges. He also reiterated the importance of a consistent and principled foreign policy, adding that Malaysia must continue to advocate for peaceful resolutions to global conflicts, as stability abroad directly affects domestic economic conditions. Malaysia  approach must remain coherent and consistent in seeking peace, as global instability inevitably has consequences for our economy. Thanks....

By,

M Anem,

Malacca,

Malaysia.

(June 2026).

RUBBER PRODUCT IN MALAYSIA IN FUTURE

RUBBER PRODUCT from Malaysia has projected that the exports of rubber and rubber products could exceed RM30 billion by end of the year 2026 and this was based on the performance in the first half of 2025). This strong outlook is supported by the sector's impressive results in which highlight the industry's resilience and ability to adapt to global market trends. Last year Malaysia's exports of rubber and rubber products rebounded significantly to RM15.5 billion in which it was an increase of 16.3% over the same period in 2024. Of this, rubber products accounted for 70.5% or RM10.9 billion, while rubber exports contributed RM4.6 billion, reflecting substantial year-on-year growth of 29.4%. Actually, the rubber products sector is made up of latex products, industrial rubber goods, general rubber goods, footwear, tyres and inner tubes. Reported that the rubber gloves remained the largest product contributor, accounting for 62.5% of the total rubber products exported, with exports reaching RM6.8 billion a promising 16.7% growth. Medical gloves alone contributed RM5.0 billion, reflecting a 15.7% growth due to continued global demand for high-quality Malaysian gloves, particularly from the healthcare sector. Malaysia exported second largest rubber produc known as Tyres. Exports to Brazil showed a strong 22.5% increase but overall tyre exports slightly decreased by 1.7% totalling RM962.8 million. Apart from gloves, other latex products such as rubber catheters and latex threads saw notable performance, with exports of catheters rising by 15.8% to RM298.1 million and latex threads increasing by 15.5% to RM282.5 million. Malaysia's exports of industrial rubber goods and general rubber goods showed positive growth and an industrial rubber goods saw a 6.7% increase, totalling RM933.9 million, while general rubber goods grew by 5.1% to reach RM854.2 million. Exports of footwear also recorded a 5.6% increase, contributing RM364.9 million to the total export value in which the United States continued to be the largest export market for Malaysian rubber products. It accounted for 31.4% of the total rubber products exports, with a total value of RM3.43 billion, marking a significant 23.1% increase from the same period before. The demand for rubber gloves in the United States remained strong, contributing significantly to this growth. The recent tariff adjustments by the United States on Chinese-made rubber medical and surgical gloves present a significant opportunity for Malaysian glove manufacturers to expand their global footprint. Malaysian glove manufacturers have long been recognised for their high-quality, sustainable products, and this development further enhances their competitive positioning on the global stage. With over 35% of Malaysia's rubber glove exports directed to the US, this policy change will not only bolster our manufacturers' market share but also underscore the resilience and reliability of Malaysia's rubber glove industry. Other key export destinations for Malaysia's rubber products included China, with exports valued at RM593.1 million (5.4% share, up 3.9%), Japan at RM586.4 million (5.4% share, down 2.4%), Germany at RM581.0 million (5.3% share, up 25.3%) and Singapore at RM470.1 million (4.3% share, up 0.1%). Germany's rubber product imports from Malaysia experienced a sharp rise, with a 25.3% increase, driven by higher demand for medical and industrial rubber products. China also showed steady growth, further solidifying its position as one of Malaysia's key trading partners. This article in "Anim Agricuture Technnology" I would like to share an information of rubber product ptoduction and aexports status relatively.

In other report by Nst.com reported thaf Malaysia's rubber sector, which exports more than RM33 billion worth of related products annually, is expected to see stronger demand next year, with technical rubber products and medical gloves projected to grow by up to 10%. According to rubber expert Denis Low told Business Times that Malaysia has a long-standing history in global rubber exports, with growth prospects improving as the world moves past the Covid-19 pandemic when demand for rubber gloves skyrocketed. They believe that growth of about eight per cent to 10 per cent is possible in technical rubber products and also in the medical glove industries. On Malaysia's competitiveness in research and development (R&D) and technology, he said the country has transformed from a raw rubber producer into a global player in value-added rubber products. Through continuous developments and innovations, Malaysia now produces high-quality mattresses, medical gloves, technical rubber absorbers and condoms. Malaysian rubber development programme is ongoing and with the Malaysian Rubber Board (MRB) spearheading research to enhance productivity and advance technology. Malaysia's export number is driven by strong R&D capabilities, despite the country's growing reliance on imported natural rubber in which Malaysia now imports an average of RM7.5 billion of natural rubber each year due to domestic production shortfalls. The rubber industry has long been a key contributor to the country. At one time, we were the largest exporter of natural rubber, but today, we are among the largest importers. This shift reflects how the world has changed and how the country's development has diversified to include many other agri-commodities. Malaysia emphasize here is that, even though we have limited natural rubber, the technology in R&D that we possess is actually recognized worldwide. Because of the strength of our R&D spanning midstream and downstream processes, we are able to achieve exports of over RM33 billion. Since its establishment, MRB has commercialised over 200 R&D technologies and registered 394 patents, reinforcing Malaysia's status as a global centre for rubber innovation in which these innovations cover the entire rubber industry value chain and have had a profound impact on the domestic sector, while also shaping the development of the global rubber industry.

The MRB's research efforts have been crucial in tackling challenges such as crop diseases, low yields, market fluctuations, and global economic crises. On next year's export target it will largely hinge on the pace of global economic growth. If the global economy grows around three to four percent, demand for our products is also expected to increase at nearly the same rate. The added value generated through technology, innovation, and local processing capabilities enables us to produce high-value products for the global market, and this is our export strength. On sustainability, MRB plays an important role in strengthening the rubber industry, especially as consumers increasingly prioritise sustainably produced agri-commodities. The board has introduced the Malaysian Sustainable Natural Rubber (MSNR) initiative, which emphasises the principles of sustainability, traceability, transparency, and socio-economic responsibility. The initiative is crucial to maintaining the marketability of Malaysian rubber products in countries with high sustainability standards. It also ensures that imported rubber is sourced from producers that adopt sustainable practices. Currently, Malaysia imports natural rubber from Thailand, Vietnam, Ivory Coast, and several other countries. Malaysia remains limited information on the sustainability practices in these source countries, posing a major challenge for the industry and for countries with limited sustainable rubber products, I have suggested to MRB that we share our R&D and technology with them. When sourcing from these countries, we need to guide them on sustainability standards and introduce a traceability system so that they can increase the value of their products by complying with these requirements. In Malaysia the MRB Strategy 2026–2030 will also emphasise the importance of automation, robotics, artificial intelligence, geospatial mapping, and supply chain digitalisation.

On other report stated that Malaysia exports more than RM33 billion worth of rubber and rubber-based products annually, driven largely by its strong research and development (R&D) capabilities despite the country's growing reliance on imported natural rubber. Plantation and Commodities Minister Datuk Seri Johari Abdul Ghani said Malaysia now imports an average of RM7.5 billion of natural rubber each year due to domestic production shortfalls. The rubber industry has long been a key contributor to the country. At one time, we were the largest exporter of natural rubber, but today Mlaaysia are among the largest importers. This shift reflects how the world has changed and how the country's development has diversified to include many other agri-commodities. What Malaysia want to emphasise here is that, even though we have limited natural rubber, the technology in R&D that we possess is actually recognised worldwide and because of the strength of the R&D spanning midstream and downstream processes, we are able to achieve exports of over RM33 billion. The establishment of MRB, the organisation has commercialised over 200 R&D technologies and registered 394 patents, reinforcing Malaysia's status as a global centre for rubber innovation in which these innovations cover the entire rubber industry value chain and have had a profound impact on the domestic sector, while also shaping the development of the global rubber industry. The MRB's research efforts have been crucial in tackling challenges such as crop diseases, low yields, market fluctuations, and global economic crises. On next year's export target Malaysia will largely hinge on the pace of global economic growth and if the global economy grows around three to four percent, demand for our products is also expected to increase at nearly the same rate. The added value generated through technology, innovation, and local processing capabilities enables us to produce high-value products for the global market, and this is our export strength," he told reporters after officiating the event. The sustainability plays an important role in strengthening the rubber industry, especially as consumers increasingly prioritise sustainably produced agri-commodities. MRB has introduced the Malaysian Sustainable Natural Rubber (MSNR) initiative, which emphasises the principles of sustainability, traceability, transparency, and socio-economic responsibility. The initiative is crucial to maintaining the marketability of Malaysian rubber products in countries with high sustainability standards. MRB also ensures that imported rubber is sourced from producers that adopt sustainable practices. Currently, Malaysia imports natural rubber from Thailand, Vietnam, Ivory Coast, and several other countries. There remains limited information on the sustainability practices in these source countries, posing a major challenge for the industry. For countries with limited sustainable rubber products, I have suggested to MRB that we share our R&D and technology with them. When sourcing from these countries, Malaysia need to guide them on sustainability standards and introduce a traceability system so that they can increase the value of their products by complying with these requirements. The MRB Strategy 2026–2030 will also emphasise the importance of automation, robotics, artificial intelligence, geospatial mapping, and supply chain digitalisation. Thanks.

By,

M Anem,

Senior Agronomist,

Melaka,

Malaysia.

January 2026.

Posted on May 2026.

ANIMAL INDUSTRY IN MALAYSIA

MALAYSIA is actively working to boost its low ruminant meat self-sufficiency level (SSL) in which is currently around 20% as reported by the Ministry of Agriculture and Food Industry recently. Stated that by implementing modern technology like AI and drones under the National Agrofood Policy 2021to 2030 (NAP 2.0). The goal is to achieve 50% beef self-sufficiency by 2030 and address the heavy 80% import dependency. The data stated that the key aspects of Meat Production in Malaysia especially for Beef Production Constraints in which Malaysia relies heavily on imports for beef to comply with local production meeting only 20% of demand (approximately about 47,000 tonnes) while 200,000 tonnes are needed annually.  Targeted growth set by the Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security aims to produce 100,000 tonnes of beef locally by 2030. Also mention that for ruminant focused to achieve a 50% SSL by 2030 and the country needs to increase the cattle population significantly with projections of needing over three million cattle by 2040 to be planned. Among challenges reported are include issue on low production, limited modern technology, lack of financing and high dependence on imported fodder. The strategy and innovation required a special committee chaired by the ministry's secretary-general is focusing on AI and modern farming to increase productivity, alongside developing the ruminant industry. In other sector in which for poultry development in which Malaysia holds a higher self-sufficiency in poultry compared to beef. Investment is growing in alternative sources such as the first cultivated meat production facility aimed at promoting sustainable food Malaysia needs three million cattle by 2040 to meet domestic needs for the future. This article in "Anim Agriculture Technology" blog I share the potential and planning by Malaysia for the animal industry. 

 

Malaysia will need more than three million cattle by 2040 to meet domestic meat and dairy supply needs, said Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security Ministry secretary-general Datuk Seri Isham Ishak. He said the development of the country's ruminant industry was among the main focuses of the ministry in its long-term plan to strengthen the agri-food sector through the application of modern technology such as the use of artificial intelligence (AI) and drones to increase the sector's productivity. Stated that from 2021 to 2025, Malaysia projected the contribution of this sector is quite large and in future in which the self-sufficiency ratio (SSR) reaching 50 per cent by 2030. This 2025 year, Malaysia have approximately 886,000 cattle but by 2030 needed more than three million cattle to ensure that the food security agenda is achieved, especially in the country's ruminant sector. Various initiatives including breeding programmes, cattle importation and feedlot schemes are being implemented to achieve this goal. To support the poultry and ruminant farming industries sustainably, the ministry is also focusing on developing the grain corn sector, especially to reduce dependence on imported livestock feed. Stated that in previously Malaysia imported 100 per cent of grain corn, but this year the country has begun planting with a production target of approximately 1.25 million tonnes per year for animal feed. The he approaches was in line with the country's food security agenda which required long-term planning and innovation-based, among others, through cooperation with foreign countries, including in the exchange of technology and agricultural practices, as well as ensuring the supply chain. The use of AI technology in aquaculture and drone applications in agricultural activities were seen to be able to optimise input use, reduce dependence on labour, increase production efficiency, thus supporting the sustainability of the agro-food sector. For the fisheries sector remained an important contributor to the country's economy with a contribution of around RM9.18 billion to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in the third quarter of this year, despite facing various challenges including weather factors and the monsoon season. Regarding Budget 2026 mentioned that the allocation provided by the government reflected the government's continued commitment to the agricultural sector as a strategic sector. Agricultural subsidies are very important to stabilise food prices, guarantee supply and ensure the survival of farmers, padi farmers and fishermen. 

Through Budget 2026, the government has allocated RM6.87 billion to the agriculture sector, an increase of seven per cent compared to the previous year, as an effort to strengthen the country's food security agenda in the face of climate change challenges and global supply chain disruptions. In addition, an allocation of RM2.63 billion has been provided for various subsidies including padi price subsidies, padi crop subsidies, fertilizer subsidies, seed subsidies and padi production incentives as well as assistance to rice farmers, thus recording the highest agricultural subsidy in history. The involvement of youth in the agriculture sector was important to ensure the continuity of the country's food security agenda, given that the majority of agricultural entrepreneurs are now over 60 years old. Through various grant schemes and entrepreneurial support, almost 4,000 agri-entrepreneurs had been established with more than 30 per cent earning an income of more than RM5,000 per month. Aslo stated the Malaysia Agriculture, Horticulture and Agrotourism Exhibition (MAHA) 2026 will be used as a platform to attract investments, foster strategic collaborations and introduce value-added agricultural technologies to strengthen the country's agricultural ecosystem. Thanks.

By,

M Anem,

Room 507, Micasa All Suite Hotel,

Kuala Lumpur.

(April 2026).

Updated May 2026.

US-IRAN WAR AND FERTILIZER SUPPLY ISSUE

THE CURRENT US-IRAN WAR conflict is severely disrupting global fertilizer supplies and driving up prices by over 50% as shipments through the Strait of Hormuz are blocked. Nitrogen-based urea prices have surged to around US$700 per tonne in whicj it is threatening global crop yields and food security, particularly for countries dependent on Middle East imports. Key details regarding the fertilizer-Iran war connection (April 2026). The Strait of Hormuz Blockade where the conflict has disrupted shipping through this critical corridor in which typically handles over 33% of global urea and 25% of basic ammonia as an essential component for fertilizer production. Issue of price surge such as Urea prices skyrocketed from approximately US$465 to US$700 per tonne following the conflict surely threatening to spike global food costs. For the Malaysia's Position while the Malaysia’s food supply chain is initially stable, economists warn that sustained fertilizer cost pressures could reach domestic supermarket prices within months. The National Farmers Organisation (Nafas) noted that fertilizer availability for Malaysia's rice farmers remains sufficient for now due to existing stock and subsidies. Stated that the Global Impact as the US and India are heavily impacted by fertilizer shortages. The crisis has affected farmers during the critical spring planting season in the Northern Hemisphere. For the production costs the high energy prices, with gas prices representing up to 90% of ammonia production costs are driving these price spikes. According to experts warn that if the conflict persists, reduced fertilizer usage by farmers will lead to lower crop yields and higher food prices in the coming year. This article in ''Anim Agriculture Technology' blog I rewrite an article regarding to the issue on US-Iran war impact to agriculture sector especialy in fertilizer supply in Malaysia.

The NST portal has reported that 'Iran war drives global fertilisers prices up, raising food cost fears' where the war in Iran has resulted in a 30 - 40 per cent spike in the cost of mineral fertiliser since the start of the year, threatening international food prices, German Press Agency (dpa) reported as citing German experts. World market prices for nitrogen fertiliser are increasingly approaching the peak levels we saw at the start of Russia's war against Ukraine (in February 2022) as said by Philipp Spinne, managing director of the German Raiffeisen Association (DRV). In Europe however, consumers have not yet directly felt the effects because many farmers had already purchased their spring fertiliser before the Iran war began, the Bavarian Farmers' Association told dpa. But should the war drag on, production costs in Germany and other countries are likely to rise, and with them, producer prices, it warned. Four years ago, the threat to global food security feared by some experts did not materialise. This was partly because Russia as a leading fertiliser producer has benefited from the invasion of its neighbour and actually increased its fertiliser exports. For the European Union has since gradually introduced tariff increases on Russian nitrogen fertilisers. High energy prices are primarily driving the pricing spike, with gas prices accounting for up to 90 per cent of the costs of ammonia and nitrogen production, said Germany's Agrar industry association. Therefore, if gas becomes more and more expensive, fertiliser prices automatically rise. But if farmers use less fertiliser surely crop yields suffer as a result.

In other report stated that "Malaysia buffers fertiliser shock but pressure may hit shelves in months'' that was stated Malaysia's food supply chain is holding firm for now against a sharp global fertiliser price shock triggered by the US-Iran conflict, but economists cautioned the pressure could reach supermarket prices within months if disruptions persist. Media rported that Malaysia's food supply chain is holding firm for now against a sharp global fertiliser price shock triggered by the US-Iran conflict, but economists cautioned the pressure could reach supermarket prices within months if disruptions persist. On the ground, industry players said domestic fertiliser stocks remain adequate and farm distribution channels are functioning smoothly, offering a temporary buffer against a 50 per cent surge in global urea prices. National Farmers Organisation (Nafas) general manager told Business Times that fertiliser availability for Malaysian farmers remains stable and sufficient despite rising global prices and supply chain disruptions. M Faris said while international fertiliser prices have faced upward pressure in recent months, domestic supply in Malaysia has remained sufficient to meet current planting needs, particularly under the subsidised paddy input programme. The stock levels managed through Nafas remain adequate, while distribution to farmers, particularly paddy farmers under subsidy, continues without critical disruption despite the challenging global environment. He added that the nitrogen-, phosphate- and potash-based fertilisers were the most exposed to global market volatility, particularly urea, diammonium phosphate and muriate of potash. He said Malaysia is dependent on imports for a substantial share of phosphate- and potash-based fertilisers, along with certain finished products and raw materials. This structural reliance is precisely why Nafas has put in place diversified sourcing and structured long-term procurement, so that any price volatility or temporary disruption in one corridor does not translate into supply shortages for Malaysian farmers.

According to Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia senior defence economics lecturer and Malaysia Institute of Economics Research senior fellow Dr Nur Surayya said changes in fertiliser prices typically take about three to nine months to be reflected in consumer food prices. This delay is due to agricultural production cycles, where already-planted crops use earlier inputs, as well as government interventions and the gradual way retailers adjust prices. Fertiliser prices serve as an important early warning signal for future food inflation, particularly during prolonged geopolitical tensions that disrupt global energy and fertiliser supply chains. In the context of the 13th Malaysia Plan (13MP), this time lag provides a critical window for policymakers to act proactively by strengthening early warning systems, building strategic fertiliser reserves, and diversifying supply sources to stabilise prices and safeguard food security. Fertiliser price shocks today are a signal of food inflation tomorrow, and timely intervention is essential to protect rakyat and ensure economic resilience. A recent Fitch Ratings report said emerging Asia, including Malaysia, remains exposed to rising food costs if the US-Iran conflict persists and ongoing fertiliser due to the supply disruptions continue. It warned that prolonged constraints in fertiliser supply could increase production costs, weigh on crop yields and eventually lift food prices across the region later this year. The rating agency said prices of nitrogen-based urea have jumped about 50 per cent to roughly US$700 per tonne, from around US$465 before the war. UPNM stated that if the conflict becomes prolonged, the risk to Malaysia would extend beyond supply disruptions. This could also trigger cost-push inflation, as higher input costs, particularly for fertiliser, fuel and transportation, raise food production costs and eventually consumer prices. Such a scenario the inflation would be driven not by strong demand, but by higher costs across the supply chain. In line with the priorities of the 13MP, she said the immediate policy response should focus on stabilising supply and cushioning cost pressures. This includes building strategic stockpiles of key inputs, providing targeted subsidies for small farmers and vulnerable households, and diversifying import sources to reduce exposure to global shocks. Over the medium term, strengthening domestic production capacity, improving logistics efficiency, and adopting modern agricultural technology can help lower production costs and reduce inflationary pressure. Managing cost-push inflation requires early intervention to control input costs because when production costs rise, food prices will inevitably follow. Issue of under a prolonged external shock, Malaysia must prioritise a comprehensive food security strategy. This includes reducing dependence on imported inputs through stronger domestic fertiliser production, reinforcing national buffer stocks of essential items such as rice, fertiliser and animal feed, and accelerating the adoption of agricultural technology to improve productivity and efficiency. At the same time, enhancing regional cooperation through Asean food security mechanisms and coordinated fertiliser procurement can help share supply risks and reduce vulnerability to global disruptions. It is equally important to safeguard farmers' financial resilience through targeted input subsidies, crop insurance and credit assistance to ensure production is sustained during periods of uncertainty. The central message is clear: in an era of geopolitical volatility, food security is national security, and resilience must be built through preparedness, cooperation, and sustained support for the agriculture sector.

There are buffers hold for now where Malaysia's agricultural sector is relatively well-positioned to withstand prolonged uncertainty, provided that forward planning and policy support remain in place. For Nafas' resilience, which is supported by proactive planning has to diversified import sources and structured stock management. Nafas and other key agencies typically make fertiliser purchases ahead of planting seasons to secure supply early and reduce exposure to market volatility. Stated that Malaysia does not depend on a single country or supply route for critical fertilisers, helping to spread geopolitical and logistical risks across multiple sources. In addition, Nafas maintains buffer stocks and implements phased deliveries to ensure a steady supply to farmers, even if temporary disruptions occur further along the supply chain. Stated also specifically for the paddy sector, where fertiliser is subsidised, we have established mechanisms to ensure continuity of supply and smooth last-mile distribution through our koop and distribution network. As of now, the situation remains under control. We are not seeing critical shortages at farmer level, and field feedback indicates that farmers are still able to obtain their required fertiliser for the current seasons. Reported that Nafas treats this as a live risk, not a one-off event, and continues to stress-test scenarios and adjust procurement and stock strategies accordingly. Thanks...

By,

M Anem,

Senior Agronomist,

Malacca,

Malaysia.

(May 2026).

THE INCREASE OF FERTILIZER AND ANIMAL FEED : WHY?

THE INCREASE of fertilizer and animal feed increase and affedt the food production globally.  A question of why have fertiliser and feed prices risen?. I refer to a report by US Department of Agriculture stated that fertiliser prices have doubled in the last year due to a combination of factors. These include such as War in Ukraine in which prior to Russia’s most recent invasion of Ukraine in February 2022. Reported that Russia and Belarus were responsible for a significant size and proportion of global fertiliser exports. UN Food and Agriculture Organisation data shows that in 2019 in which Russia alone accounted supply for 19% of potassium, 15% of nitrogen and 14% of phosphorous fertiliser exports while Belarus accounted for 18% of potassium fertiliser exports. Reported that although fertiliser imports from Russia are still permitted in the US, UK and many other nations actually the sanctions have disrupted the sale of fertilisers from Russia. Banks and traders have steered clear of Russian supplies and it creating a shortage. Furthermore in the UK has imposed a 35% tariff on Russian fertiliser over and above existing tariffs. This article in "Anim Agriculture Technology" blog I rewrite an issue about the increase of fertilizer and animal feed globally.

Reported on 1 February 2022, Lithuania also halted the export of Belarusian potassium fertiliser (potash) through its port in Klaipeda. Potash is vital for global food security and World Bank figures show that potash prices more than doubled following the export ban. High energy costs: Rises in gas prices have increased the costs of fertiliser production. Ofgem figures show that wholesale gas prices on 26 April 2022 were up 284% in 12 months. Natural gas is used as both a raw material and energy source in fertiliser production. Reported from sources that in late May 2022 that gas now represents up to “90% of the variable costs in fertiliser production”. High global demand and prices for agricultural produce: High prices for some agricultural products have encouraged some farmers to purchase more fertiliser to grow more crops, driving up prices. Statistics from the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) show that the price index for UK agricultural products increased by 11.8% in the 12 months to March 2022. Figures from the World Bank show that fertilisers are now at their least affordable levels since the 2008 global food crisis following robust demand. A limited supply of materials: Some countries have introduced export bans that have increased global prices further. In 2021 stated that China introduced export controls on fertilisers including nitrogen and phosphate to limit a rise in domestic food prices. Beijing’s move had exacerbated a shortage of global supplies and helped contribute to a surge in global prices. According to Mr Nash, China is unlikely to ease these restrictions this year as it had previously indicated it would. Reliance on fertiliser imports and a lack of competition in the fertiliser industry: The UK produces 40% of its fertiliser requirements. However, one of the UK’s two major fertiliser plants has permanently closed, with its owners having cited high energy bills and  environmental taxes as key drivers behind the decision. In early June 2022, CF Fertilisers shut its Ince manufacturing plant near Chester where production had been suspended since September. The closure of the Ince plant has raised concerns about a lack of competition in the UK fertiliser industry. Imports are farmers’ only alternative to the UK’s one remaining fertiliser plant, also owed by CF Fertilisers.

Animal feed is increasing in cost largely due to the price of sunflower meal (a by-product of sunflower oil), soyabean and wheat. Figures from Our World in Data at the University of Oxford show that in 2019, Ukraine was responsible for nearly half of global sunflower oil exports and Russia and Ukraine combined were responsible for almost two thirds. In addition Russia was the world’s biggest wheat exporter in 2019 and Ukraine the fourth biggest. The majority of global soyabean supplies come from the USA and Brazil in which it is accounting for 69% combined in 2018. Furthermore due to the war in Ukraine has disrupted exports of Ukrainian agricultural produce. Typically, 90% of Ukraine’s grain is exported by sea but these exports have been held up by Russian blockades of Ukraine’s Black Sea coast. Figures from the World Bank show that the cost of sunflower meal increased by 6.4% in the first quarter of 2022 compared to the same period in 2021. On 20 June 2022, wheat prices were also up 56% year on year. This increase in the price of wheat is reflected in the cost of wheat-based animal feed in the UK. AHDB figures show that UK pelleted wheat feed prices rose by around 60% in the 12 months to May 2022. Poor harvests due to drought have reduced soyabean supplies from the USA and Brazil. Figures from the World Bank show that soyabean prices increased by 14.3% in the first quarter of 2022 compared to the same period in 2021. Thanks...

By,

M Anem,

Melaka,

Malaysia.

(December 2024).

Updated on May 2026.

HIGH TEMPERATURE IN MALAYSIA

THE HIGH TEMPERATURE started in from February to April 2026 and prolonged dry spells in Malaysia, particularly during El Nino-induced heatwaves, are causing significant damage to crops, reducing yields, and increasing operational costs for farmers, according to reports by the New Straits Times (NST) portal. reported that based on recent (March 2026) reports, the key impacts on Malaysian agriculture include for the Padi Production Affected in which over 13,000 hectares of padi fields in Perak (specifically Seberang Perak and Sungai Manik) have been affected by water supply shortages. Similarly, hundreds of hectares of rice fields in Kedah, Negri Sembilan, and Melaka are experiencing stunted growth and dry conditions with potential yields threatened by up to 30%–80% in extreme scenarios. In other case in which in Cameron Highlands Vegetable Yields farmers are on alert as high temperatures exceeding 30°C in the northern states indicate that warmer, drier conditions will soon hit the highlands, affecting temperate vegetable farming and reducing yields. Earlier reports noted smaller, sour strawberry harvests due to heat stress. Issue of Water Scarcity and Costs whereby the farmers are facing rising operational costs due to the need for increased water usage, including installing pumps and water tanks. In other case the mixed effects on fruits seen in which some reports indicate that prolonged heat has boosted the quality and sweetness of Harumanis mangoes (MA224) in the northern peninsula, it also poses challenges in terms of crop management, requiring more intensive irrigation to prevent wilting. The impact also occure for livestock that stress in which the high temperatures have caused livestock, such as cattle, to suffer from heat stress, with some farmers losing cattle, which in turn leads to significant economic losses. This article in "Anim Agriculture Technology" blog explained the issue on high temperature affect food supply in Malaysia as reported by local mainstream media.

Reported recently that the Agriculture and Food Security Ministry has outlined four key initiatives to address the impact of the ongoing heatwave and supply uncertainties stemming from conflicts in the Middle East. The measures include the implementation of the dry direct seeding method for padi, increasing the national rice buffer stock, conducting cloud seeding operations, and providing financial aid to affected farmers. The Minister Datuk Seri Mohamad Sabu said that to mitigate the effects of the hot weather and boost dam levels, the ministry, through the Muda Agricultural Development Authority (Mada), will roll out the dry direct seeding technique. Government also working on cloud seeding operations in hopes of inducing rain over the dam catchment areas. The affected farmers will be assessed for assistance under the Padi Crop Takaful Scheme in which the dry direct seeding method involves tilling the soil while dry before sowing seeds on the field surface. Typically used during the first planting season, the technique significantly planned to reduce water consumption. MADA previously reported that the prolonged drought and extreme heat could cause padi yields to drop by up to 30 per cent in which that high temperatures interfere with critical processes in padi formation. Mada oversees nearly 83,000 hectares of padi fields in Kedah and to ensure proactive future planning, Mohamad said the ministry's post-cabinet meeting last week approved the establishment of the National Padi and Rice Industry Consultative Committee (JKPIPB). MADA described the committee as an official platform bringing together industry players, including farmer representatives, associations, and non-governmental organisations, to resolve industry issues collectively and transparently. Meanwhile, to ensure the national rice supply remains stable amidst global uncertainty, Mohamad said the government will increase the national rice buffer stock by 100,000 metric tonnes through Padiberas Nasional Bhd. This increase will bring the total national rice buffer stock to 300,000 metric tonnes.

Malaysia's food security remains stable supported by sufficient supply and manageable affordability compared with neighbouring and regional countries. Deputy Prime Minister Datuk Seri Fadillah Yusof, however, said this stable position should not lead to complacency, stressing the need for a comprehensive long-term policy framework. He said Malaysia is currently facing rising logistics costs and sharp increases in imported agricultural input prices, particularly grain, corn, and chemical fertilisers. When input costs rise, it triggers a domino effect, leading to global food price inflation. This is the burden ultimately borne by the people. Our dependence on external supply chains makes us vulnerable to global economic shocks as his speech at the launch of the National Food Security Policy 2030 (DKMN 2030). He described the current global situation as a 'perfect storm' is not a single disruption, but a combination of multiple crises occurring simultaneously, destabilising global food supply chains. He highlighted four critical factors driving the situation: extreme climate events such as prolonged droughts that dry up catchment areas, unexpected floods that submerge farms, and crop yields severely affected; increasingly complex crop and livestock diseases that are difficult to predict and control; international conflicts disrupting global fertiliser and grain supply chains, affecting price stability and domestic food supplies; and competition for land use between industrial development and the preservation of agricultural areas. Fertile land is shrinking, replaced by concrete jungles in the pursuit of modernisation and Malaysia already achieved, good self-sufficiency ratios (SSR) in several sectors, including livestock and fisheries. Malaysia are very strong in poultry meat and egg production. The 2024 SSR for chicken has reached 92.9 per cent, while eggs have reached 107 per cent. For crops, the SSR for fruits is strong at 96.8 per cent, while tropical vegetables stand at 83 per cent.

Reported that 'Rice crops stunted due to heat in which prolonged hot weather has impacted paddy plants. It is estimated that about 100 hectares of paddy fields that rely on rainwater and hill water sources have been affected nationwide due to the current hot weather. According to the  Malaysian Farmers' Association (PESAWAH) exco member Abdul Rashid Yob said prolonged hot weather has impacted paddy plants as it can cause water in the fields to diminish, resulting in dry rice paddy fields. He said this condition will affect the growth of rice plants, and when the situation worsens, the rice plants will be stunted, and the grains will become affected or non-existent. They started receiving complaints of stunted rice plants involving farmers in Perak, Negri Sembilan, and Melaka when they were unable to harvest rice according to the planting schedule. On average, their crops are over two months old, but they have to leave them in the fields because the rice plants are not bearing fruit due to the excessively dry fields and an estimated 50 farmers have been affected, and they are facing significant losses as they have already invested capital in planting rice. He said although the case does not involve many farmers, it should not be taken lightly as those affected also contribute to the country's food security and the government needs to take this matter seriously as there are forecasts that the current El Nino phenomenon-induced hot season is expected to last longer.  The hot weather will cause limited water to be available, and more farmers will be affected. Farmers in the Kemubu Agricultural Development Authority (Kada) also face water source problems due to the lack of a systematic irrigation system adn such problems need to be addressed from the beginning; relevant agencies need to play a role in assisting affected farmers, either by upgrading irrigation facilities or providing appropriate assistance for farmers to survive. The country will lose more rice yields for the next season due to extreme hot weather conditions.

By,
M Anem,
Senior Agronomist Expert,
Room 507, Micasa All Suite Hotel,

Kuala Lumpur, 
Malaysia.

(April 2026).

HOT AND DRY TEMPERTURE IN MALAYSIA

IN MALAYSIA recently the north-east monsoon is usually linked to heavy rain, but in the northern states of Peninsular Malaysia namely as Penang, Kedah and Perlis the later months bring weeks of hot and dry weather which is welcomed by padi and Harumanis mango farmers. While other states may still experience rainy weather, these three states are now facing dry and hot conditions that farmers welcome. For the harumanis entrepreneur known as Hamid said the fruits thrive under the current conditions, requiring an optimal temperature of around 32°C to develop their distinctive aroma and sweetness where the hot, dry weather helps the Harumanis ripen evenly and enhances its fragrance. The former teacher said some trees have started flowering, while many others are yet to bloom and the current heat is ideal for flowering and allowing the buds to develop properly. Hamid said that if the hot and dry conditions persist, fruiting could begin as early as February next year, with the possibility of an early harvest by March 2026. In other case a padi farmer known as Ismail from Kuala Nerang, said most farmers in his area have already begun their second planting season, with the harvest expected in middle or late January. While the dry weather was good, it also posed other challenges where the dry season often brings increased threats to our crops, with rats, rice pests and various diseases becoming particularly problematic. He added that this would force farmers to use more pesticides, a practice that raised the risk of 'padi kesing”' that caused stunted padi from normal growth. Our expectation is to harvest in January 2026 but if the dry season drags on the impact, it can be difficult for most padi farmers in Kedah. This article in "Anim Agriculture Technology" I share the issue of hot and high temperature incident in Kedah and surrounding this year.

Kedah and Perlis are the major area growing Manga Harumanis but if the weather turns unfavourable, delaying the next harvesting mango season may be changed the quality and quantity of which the farmer is considering. A report bya researcher from Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) atmospheric physicist Associate Prof Dr Yusri Yusup said the north-east monsoon brings in strong winds with minimal rainfall is a pattern expected to continue until early January 2026. He said there would be some rain, but not as heavy, with the second phase of the monsoon, and that the timing of the dry and wet phases could vary by about two weeks. Unlike last year, we are not expecting extreme heat, as persistent cloud cover is likely to remain over the region until mid-January 2026. He  added that rainfall would help lower temperatures temporarily, but heat is expected to build up again during the final phase of the north-east monsoon and the spring equinox, when the region typically receives little rain and experiences strong solar radiation.In other statement the Penang Water Supply Corporation (PBAPP) chief executive officer Datuk K. Pathmanathan said Penang’s current dam reserves and regular operational management could sustain water supply until April 2026. He said the projection was based on steady river flow from Sungai Muda, normal drawdown rates without sudden surges in consumption and the absence of prolonged zero-rainfall periods. Currently, the Air Itam Dam has an effective storage of 1,955 million litres (ML), with about 89 days of supply remaining until early March 2026.vAlthough the dam alone cannot support demand until April 2026, it is typically operated alongside Sungai Muda through transfer and balancing. Reported that the Teluk Bahang Dam has about 297 days of supply available, sufficient to last until October 2026. Its effective storage stands at 17,720 ML. Added another main reservoir, the Mengkuang Dam, will have 132 days of supply that started from Dec 6, and the reserve is projected to last until mid-April 2026, meeting the April target but with limited buffer. PBAPP has activated a series of contingency measures to safeguard Penang’s water security amid prolonged dry conditions and will maximise abstraction from Sungai Muda at the Lahar Tiang intake as long as river levels remain above alert thresholds. A controlled drawdown strategy will also be enforced, involving staggered releases from the Air Itam, Teluk Bahang and Mengkuang dams to maximise overall yield. During extended dry spells, the higher-capacity Teluk Bahang and Mengkuang reservoirs will be prioritised.

Also reported that recently Malaysia sees persistently high temperatures amid heatwave where several parts of the country have seen temperatures soar above 36°C earlier this week, with the Meteorological Department forecasting the mercury to hover at about 35°C in most parts of the country daily until early May 2026. It’s been crazy weather in the country, with stiflingly hot, arid days and sweltering afternoons in some parts, followed by downpours and thunderstorms in the evening in others and it’s likely to stay that way for the next week or so, say weather experts. Several parts of the country have seen temperatures soar above the 36°C heatwave level earlier this week with the Meteorological Department (MetMalaysia) forecasting the mercury to hover at about 35°C in most parts of the country daily until early May 2026. The east coast states are facing droughts, the dam levels are falling in Penang but in the Klang Valley during the evening thunderstorms are causing havoc, even landslides. Fellow at Academy of Sciences Malaysia Dr Fredolin Tangang said that thunderstorms were typical during the inter-monsoon periods that the country was currently facing. The current hot and dry spell is likely due to the suppressed convection associated with Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) which is likely to continue for about a week or two. He explained that MJO is a mode of climate variability that occurs due to atmosphere and ocean interaction. It typically occurs once in 20 to 60 days. While its current effect is hot and dry spells over our region, its enhanced convection can enhance rainfall as well and the nation was still in the inter-monsoon period between April and May where winds are weaker and not blowing in any particular direction. During daytime heat can make way for afternoon and evening thunderstorms, particularly in the west of the peninsula and Klang Valley. According to MetMalaysia, Perlis is expected to have 35°C temperatures until May 1 while Kelantan, Pahang, Perak and Kuala Lumpur are expected to be at around 34°C in the same time period. The other states, including Sabah and Sarawak, will average around 33°C during the day in the coming week or so. 

Reported that the night temperatures are expected to average at 24°C in Perlis, Kuala Lumpur, Negri Sembilan, Johor, Selangor and Melaka throughout the week. The remaining states’ night temperatures were forecast to be a chilly 23°C on average with Sabah, in particular, expected to go as low as 22°C. According to Senior lecturer at Universiti Malaya’s Department of Geography Dr Sheeba Chenoli also attributed the current weather to the MJO. She said the weather is expected to get drier as the inter-monsoon period gives way to the southwest monsoon. The phenomenon is not just in Malaysia. The hot weather, she said, was also felt in other countries in the region, particularly Laos, Thailand and Myanmar. She said these countries could expect even drier conditions in the coming months. Universiti Malaya meteorologist and climatologist Prof Datuk Dr Azizan Abu Samah said the weather was expected to remain hot, particularly in north of the peninsula. Kedah and Perlis now have hot days with cloudless mornings and thunderstorms in the evenings. Thanks...

By,
M Anem,
Kuala Lumpur,
Malaysia.
(April 2026).